Stigma processes at these levels induce stress and reduce resources, which in turn compromise physical health to produce large physical health disparities. The chapter develops a conceptual model that places at its center stigma processes including structural, interpersonal, social psychological, and internalized processes. The chapter proposes that the stigma of mental illness might affect not only the future experience of mental illness but also a broad range of physical illnesses, thereby contributing to the substantial physical health disparity that people with mental illnesses experience. It draws on classical and modified labeling theory from sociology for insights and propositions as to why mental illness stigma might affect physical health. This chapter proposes that the stigma of mental illness comprises an important set of causes of this physical health disparity. People with mental illnesses experience physical illness and premature mortality at much higher rates compared to people without such illnesses. Mental and Physical Health Consequences of the Stigma Associated with Mental Illnesses.The Negative and Bidirectional Effects of Weight Stigma on Health.Stigma and the “Social Epidemic” of HIV: Understanding Bidirectional Mechanisms of Risk and Resilience.Public Health and Social Justice: An Argument Against Stigma as a Tool of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention.Public Health with a Punch: Fear, Stigma, and Hard-Hitting Media Campaigns.Reducing Physical Illness Stigma: Insights from the Mental Illness Arena.Getting Underneath the Power of “Contact”: Revisiting the Fundamental Lever of Stigma as a Social Network Phenomenon.Stigma, Health, and Individual Differences.Perceived Racial Discrimination and Health Behavior: Mediation and Moderation.Parenting as a Buffer That Deters Discrimination and Race-Related Stressors from “Getting Under the Skin”: Theories, Findings, and Future Directions.Social Stigma and Health: An Identity-Based Motivation Perspective.When Stigma Is Concealable: The Costs and Benefits for Health.Affective Reactions as Mediators of the Relationship Between Stigma and Health.Neural and Cardiovascular Pathways from Stigma to Suboptimal Health.Biopsychosocial Mechanisms Linking Discrimination to Health: A Focus on Social Cognition.Interpersonal Discrimination and Physical Health.Patient Stigma, Medical Interactions, and Health Care Disparities: A Selective Review.Racial Discrimination and Racial Disparities in Health.Segregation, Stigma, and Stratification: A Biosocial Model.Discriminating Ecologies: A Life History Approach to Stigma and Health.Stigma, Social Identity Threat, and Health.Power, Status, and Stigma: Their Implications for Health.Stigma as a Fundamental Cause of Health Inequality.Physical Health Disparities and Stigma: Race, Sexual Orientation, and Body Weight.Stigma and Its Implications for Health: Introduction and Overview.The Oxford Handbook of Stigma, Discrimination, and Health.
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